Comparison of Bast Fibre and Whole-Stalk Mechanical Pulps
By Wade Chute, Alberta Research Council

Background:
Hemp stalks contain two different types of fibre: "bast" (the long, strong fibre found in the outer part of the plant) and "hurds" (the short, bulky fibre found in the inner part of the plant). Both types of fibre can be used to produce pulps for papermaking, although the bast fibre is of greater interest to the Pulp and Paper Industry because of its superior strength properties compared to wood.
Historically, hemp pulps have been prepared from bast fibres alone using chemical pulping processes followed by mechanical beating or disc refining to develop the necessary strength properties. Since the bast fibre accounts for only one-third of the stalk's mass, using only bast fibres in the pulping process triples the raw material cost compared to using the whole stalk. As a result, these pulps are currently used only in specialty paper grades, such as currency, fine papers, cigarette papers, coffee filters and teabags.

The objective of this study is to produce and compare the properties of mechanical pulps made from whole-stalk and bast fibre hemp.

Results and Discussion:
In previous studies (at the Alberta Research Council and elsewhere), significant problems were encountered with fibre tangling and plugging at the inlet of the 12" lab refiner. Therefore, in this study, the primary processing procedure was made to be particularly aggressive to ensure that the material was small enough to be fed properly into the refiner. This processing may have resulted in excessive damage to the fibres, as the quality results were significantly lower than expected (this was confirmed in subsequent chemical pulping studies, the results of which are not reported here). The effect of primary processing method and extent on the resultant pulp quality will be the subject of a future study.

Graph 1 shows the relationship between bulk and breaking length for each of the two furnishes. For a particular breaking length, the whole stalk hemp sample is significantly bulkier than the bast fibre sample alone. As a result, less fibre is required to produce paper of a given thickness or a given tensile strength, resulting in lower raw material costs.

Graph 2 shows the relationship between tear index and tensile strength. As expected, the tear index at a particular breaking length was lower for whole stalk pulp versus bast fibre pulp. This is readily explained by the presence of the shorter fibre from the hurd, since tear strength is proportional to the square of the weighted average fibre length. The implications of this are that whole-stalk hemp pulps are inherently weaker than their bast fibre counterparts.

Graph 3 shows the relationship between breaking length and freeness (a measure of the drainage rate of water from pulp suspensions). To achieve a particular breaking length, whole-stalk hemp must be refined considerably more than bast fibre hemp, potentially increasing the net energy requirements to produce a suitable pulp for papermaking. Future studies will be directed at quantifying the differences in energy requirements for whole stalk versus bast fibre pulps.

From an economic standpoint, processing whole stalk hemp for pulp and paper offers several advantages. Since the hurds represent roughly two-thirds of the mass of the stalk, converting them to pulp significantly reduces the raw material cost per tonne of pulp produced. Decortication and screening stages prior to mechanical pulping can also be avoided to further reduce the processing cost. Although the presence of hurds has been shown to reduce the strength properties of the pulp, they may provide a better printing surface than bast pulps alone (in many cases, print quality is of equal importance to papermakers as pulp strength). Future studies will be directed at finding the optimum conditions in which to process each component separately, then recombine them in the ratio best-suited for the particular end-use.

Experimental:
Primary processing:
The raw material used for this study was a mixture of French cultivars. Whole stalk hemp was decorticated using a pair of fluted rollers, then hammermilled through a coarse screen and separated into two piles. One pile was screened to remove as much of the hurd component as possible (thus creating the bast fibre furnish for the study). The other pile was left unscreened and was used as the whole-stalk furnish for the study. Both samples were hammermilled again, this time through a 1mm x 10mm slotted screen prior to pulping.

Chelation:
Each furnish was soaked in water/DTPA solution at 60(C for 3 minutes to chelate any transition metals present in the furnish (transition metals catalyse peroxide decomposition), then centrifuged to remove any free moisture.

Pretreatment:
Following the chelation stage, each furnish was pretreated in a mild alkaline peroxide solution at T=70(C for one hour. The pH was then adjusted to between 7 - 8 using dilute sulphuric acid and centrifuged to remove the free moisture.

Refining:
The material was then transferred to a pressurized 12" lab refiner and preheated for 3 minutes at 40 psig steam pressure. The material was refined in a single pass using 47 and 83 kilowatt-hours per air-dry metric tonne (ADMT) for the bast fibre and whole-stalk furnishes, respectively.

Beating:
To observe the fibre quality development with beating, samples of the refined material were processed in a PFI mill over a range of 2000 - 8000 revolutions.

Testing:
Handsheets were formed from the PFI-processed samples and tested for bulk, tear index, breaking length, burst index and stretch. Each sample was also tested for freeness.

Conclusions:
1. Primary processing can result in damage to the fibre, which translates to a weakening of the resultant pulps made from raw materials thus processed.
2. Whole-stalk hemp mechanical pulps are, on the whole, weaker than their bast fibre counterparts. This is particularly noted by the decrease in tear strength when the shorter hurd fibres are present during processing.
3. Refining whole stalk hemp pulps to a specified breaking length target potentially increases the amount of refining energy required (compared with refining bast fibre hemp pulps).

Acknowledgements:
The author would like to thank Colin Cathrea, Jason Sudyk, Sofia Vichnevsky, Tracey Mehmal and Alain Lozier of the Alberta Research Council, as well as Evelyn David of Indigo Prints, for their involvement in the design, operation and data analysis for this study.

Wade Chute (chute@arc.ab.ca ) is Senior Research Engineer-Agrifibres at the Alberta Research Council. He is responsible for the development of annual fibre pulps for papermaking. Current research focus includes hemp, flax, and cereal straws (check out
www.arc.ab.ca/pp )

Now available: Ruth's Hemp Tortilla Chips (made with hemp flour, organic corn and non-GMO canola) in three great flavours. Treat yourself to Ruth's Hemp Pastas (with wheat and wheat-free) and Salad Dressings (three flavours available). Also available: Certified Organic Hemp/Flax Oil and (non-organic) 100% Hemp Oil. Coming soon: Hemp and Whole Wheat Wraps, and the incredible vegan Hemp Paté. Ask for these products in your local store.
For more information, please visit www.ruthsfoods.ca . Hemp and Health food stores: please contact Ruth to locate the distributor nearest you: e-mail info@ruthsfoods.ca, or call 416-588-4209.

A ) New Website to Help Farmers Develop New Markets and Industry to Use New Materials

Memphis-based Agro-Tech Communications, has announced the launch of a new website - agfibertechnology.com . The goal of the new site is to provide farmers, processors and manufacturers timely information about agricultural fibers and their role in emerging biobased industries. "With over 60% of U.S. farmers now on the internet, the time is right to bring those farmers together with innovative industries to use their products in new and exciting ways", says company president and cofounder, Peter Nelson. "Agricultural fibres are the building blocks of emerging industries that are manufacturing biobased products. Agfibertechnology.com will provide the farmer with the most information to capitalise on these emerging markets," says Nelson.

Agfibertechnology.com will be launched on March 1, 2000 and will be capitalising on growing national and international interest in biobased products. Biobased products are non-food, non-feed products produced from natural, agricultural materials. Biobased products provide inherent benefits to the environment, industry and the bottom line for the farmer.

Site features will include weather, commodities and markets, links, news, an online resource store, upcoming events and much more. The site is being designed in a joint venture with Conaway Brown of Memphis, a 44 person advertising and marketing firm serving agribusiness and corporate clients throughout the US and the World.

Register for site updates and other information by clicking: www.agfibertechnology.com

For more information, contact Agro-Tech Communications at email: fiber@netten.net PH: (901) 757-1777, or on the web at www.agrotechfiber.com

B) Hemp Times Magazine pulls out of print: Planet Hemp to become principally private label catalogue

Hemp Times magazine and the Planet Hemp catalogue have announced a change in delivery systems. Beginning with the next editions- the Winter 00 Hemp Times magazine and the Spring/Summer Planet Hemp catalogue - both publications will move to Internet delivery instead of print. Both publications will also be merged into one combined web site, planethemp.com.

"This change is due to the rapid growth of our Internet traffic," said John Howell, editor/publisher of Hemp Times and managing director of Planet Hemp. "Planet Hemp¹s web business tripled during the holiday season, and Hemp Times' web visits continue to grow, with over 20,000 unique viewers (bookmarkers) a month. Coupled with increasing wholesaler mergers in the print category, in which monopoly distributors charge small magazines increasing premiums for delivery, and with continuously rising postage and printing costs, this changeover makes economic sense for us."

"Electronic delivery has become the primary vehicle for Hemp Times and Planet Hemp during the last year. Now that 40 million households are wired up and over 50% of them use the Internet daily (in the US), the advantages are obvious. And merging Hemp Times and Planet Hemp onto one web site allows us to bring together all the unique viewers who now plug into each separately, creating a combined audience of over 80,000 for our information and our products."

The Winter 00 issue of Hemp Times will be available on the Internet at the revised planethemp.com site by late February, said Howell.

Planet Hemp will also undergo a shift in marketing philosophy, from offering a wide variety of goods by many companies to a principally private label, logo-item line of products. "This change allows us to concentrate on expanding the volume of sales," explained Howell. "Increasing the quantity of items sold and doing so on a principally private label basis is key to driving profits for Planet Hemp in 2000." Assorted goods from a select list of other companies will continue to be offered by Planet Hemp.

For more information contact: John Howell, publisher, at The Hemp Company of America, Tel: (212) 260-0200, Fax: (212) 982-2732; or at Hemp Times magazine (212) 387-0677.
To reach the Planet Hemp catalogue, call (212) 965-0500 or goto www.planethemp.com .

Look for  Dr Sumachs' feature story  "Canadian Hemp History- Part One" when planethemp.com relaunches; an expanded version of the New World hemp history presentation given to HIA in September.

C)Web Worthy: Globalhemp.com
Global Hemp ( www.globalhemp.com ) is positioning itself as one of the better internet portals covering hemp. Frequent updates of hemp information, archives, studies and magazine articles. Site features are as follows:
Global Hemp Archives; Writing a paper, or just want to know more about hemp? In the Global Hemp Archives, you'll find over one-hundred entries from a variety of sources; Over 70 new magazine articles and USDA Report: Industrial Hemp in the United States: Status and Market Potential Summary; Full Report
Global Hemp Directory; View over 260 organizations. All new product directory coming in February. Free Listings.
Global Hemp Events: Want to be a part of the action? Global Hemp Events is a comprehensive listing of hemp trade shows and festivals.
Global Hemp Legislation: February has yet come to pass and already three states are proposing hemp legalization. Year 2000 Hemp Legislation: Illinois; New Hampshire; South Dakota
Global Hemp Magazine: Illinois Hemp Task Force Update ; Illinois Hemp Task Force January Report
Coming in March: : Global Hemp News

D) Hemp Smoothie Recipe
By Jason Freeman

For the past six months I have woken up bright and early every morning and performed my hemp smoothie ritual:
1 bananna
350 ml fruit juice (I switch between bioregionally produced organic apple juice and ethically questionable plantation grown orange juice)
2 tablespoons certified organic hempseed oil

Blend until adequately mixed and voila an incredibly nutritious way to start your day. If you are feeling adventurous you can add spirulina, other fruits, juices, herbs and vegetables.

The health benefits that I have experienced from this daily ritual include: Stellar digestion. I no longer experience bouts of constipation or diarrehea which previously I experienced on about a once a week bases. A stronger immune system. There is lots to be said about the immune boosting properties of EFA rich oils like hemp and my personal experience supports this. Since beginning my morning ritual my nasal allergies have attenuated and I have not caught a cold and have been fever and flu free for the entire winter. This has definitely suprised me as I am one who always catches at least one cold each winter. I was even more suprised when in one two week period of time, my girlfriend, business partner and two house-mates all had colds yet I emerged unscathed. However, I am guilty of the heinous crime of not sharing my hemp oil. Now that my company's products are hitting the market I can remedy this injustice.

Jason Freeman is co-founder and President of BioHemp Technologies Ltd, a contractor and leading supplier of certified organic hempseed.

Ontario Hemp Alliance Update
By Jo-Anne Wilson

The Ontario Hemp Alliance is a non-profit industry association created with the mandate to market hemp and raise consumer awareness. With the emergence of hemp as a viable resource, the need to bring together Ontario farmers, manufacturers, processors and retailers of hemp and its goods with an association was a timely one.

A website ( www.hemphasis.com/oha ) has been established to provide an outlet of information as well as to garner feedback. In addition to the website, a brochure has been created, detailing the various aspects of the Alliance and has already been mailed out over 700 interested parties who wish to discover more about the OHA.

The OHA has compiled a database of members and has solicited feedback to determine how best to serve its membership. Approximately 300 calls have been made, and many more emails sent to 700 potential members. The targeted membership ranges from mass market to natural product retailers and manufacturers as well as growers and processors of hemp. With the creation of the database the OHA hopes to create a network to facilitate business and cooperation within the industry.

The feedback obtained has been varied and detailed. Among the suggestions are developing an advertising and promotional campaign, quality assurance, industry wide standards and on OHA seal of approval. Some of the benefits the OHA hopes to offer are marketing kits, a newsletter, a database of studies and articles as well as links to/from its website.

One of the first projects of the OHA's awareness program is an art exhibit entitled "Renewal: Hemp at the Dawn of the New Millennium" Renewal is "an artistic celebration of Ontario's re-emerging hemp industry" which is designed to raise public awareness of hemp's many uses and environmental benefits. The exhibit is being held at the BCE Place from April 16-26, 2000 and will feature five prominent Toronto artists painting on hemp canvas with hemp oil paints.

The next major event planned by the OHA is the co-sponsoring, together with the HIA, of the Outdoor Farm Show' Hemp Expo. The HIA have agreed to manage the exhibitors and the fashion show, while the OHA will be responsible for the speakers and demonstrations. Scheduled to coincide with the farm show, the inaugural annual general meeting of the OHA will be held in Woodstock on Tuesday, September 12, 2000. The Outdoor Farm Show is held on September 12th to 14th, 2000 and is expected to attract more than 30,000 people.

For more information on the Ontario Hemp Alliance, or to receive an application package (to be sent out in early March), please contact David Marcus at 416-535-3497, or email oha@hemphasis.com .

Upcoming Events:

Winnipeg, Manitoba, February 29-March 1: HEMP 2000 Speaker Series & Trade Show The Manitoba Industrial Hemp Association will be hosting Hemp 2000 at the Ramada Marlborough Hotel, February 29^th and March 1^st in Winnipeg, Manitoba. The Hemp 2000 Speaker Series and Trade Show will deliver factual information about producing, harvesting, processing & marketing industrial hemp in order to strengthen industry potential and growth. All private and public sectors with an interest in the hemp industry are encouraged to attend.

A reception on the evening of Feb 29th be attended by Rosann Wowchuck, Minister of Agriculutre. Wowchuck will give an official welcome. Hemp food samples will be provided by Fresh Hemp Foods, Hemp Oil Canada, Hempola and Barba Tiannis Restaurant. Hemp Beer provided by River City Brew Pub & Restaraunt. The Body Shop will also be "on hand" providing samples and hand massages with their new Hemp Hand Protector Creme. The highlight of the evening will feature a live hemp auction.

Agenda Wednesday March 1^st

7:15 a.m. Continental breakfast, Registration, Trade Show open
8:00-8:20 Welcome Rosanne Wowchuk, Minister of Agriculture and Food
Role of the Manitoba Industrial Hemp Association Brian McElroy, President – Manitoba Industrial Hemp Association (MIHA)
8:20-9:00 Hemp Food Products and Something Called THC, Gero Leson, Leson Consultants
9:00-9:30 Effect of Management on Seed and Oil Quality, Roman Przybylski, University of Manitoba
9:30-10:15 The Status of Industrial Hemp in the United States, Kevin Edberg, Minnesota Department of Agriculture
10:15-10:45 Refreshment Break
10:45-11:40 The Potential for Hemp in Paper and Forest Products, Wade Chute, Alberta Research Counci
11:40-12:00 Health Canada Update, Neils Hansen-Trip, Health Canada
12:00-1:30 Lunch
1:30-1:40 Cross Canada Checkup, Guy Cloutier, Director - MIHA
1:40-2:10 Selling Hemp Food Products in the United States, Don Wirtshafter, Ohio Hempery
2:10-2:40 Effect of Fertility on Hemp Grain Yield, Ron Tone, Tone Ag Consulting
2:40-3:00 Refreshment Break
3:00-3:30 Getting Quality Grain – Lessons Learned in 1999, Jack Moes, The Great AgVenture
3:30-4:00 Management Issues to Getting Hemp Off to a Good Start, Bruce Brolley, New Crop Specialist, Manitoba Agriculture and Food
4:00-4:15 Question & Answer Panel with afternoon speakers
4:15 Closing remarks

HEMP 2000 is organised by the Manitoba Industrial Hemp Association and sponsored by Manitoba Agriculture & Food, Agriculture & Agrifood Canada, Cloutier Agra Sedds Inc., Fibrex Canada, Inc., The Food Development Centre, Hempola, Hemp Oil Canada, Aventis Crop Science Inc., and the Farm Credit Corporation. Event Co-ordination provided by Blue Sky Business Services.

Contacts:
For up-to-date information on speakers & topics, call Bruce Brolley, Crop Diversification Section, Manitoba Agriculture & Food at 204-745-5667.
For interviews & media information contact: Shaun Crew at 204-275-7616
Or goto www.pembinavalley.com/miha or www.pangea.ca/~hemp2000/

March 23-26, 2000 Natural Products Expo - West, Anaheim, Ca
Natural & Organic Foods, Beverages, Body Care, Supplements, Housewares, & Services ; New Hope Communications- Ph: 303-939-8440 x 161 or 228, Fax:303-939-9559
www.naturalproductsexpo.com/

March 25-26: Northern Alternatives Conference, UNBC, Prince George, BC University of Northern British Columbia will be hosting the Northern Alternatives Conference on March 25 and 26th, from 8am-6pm. This non-profit event is being organised by the Prince George Public Interest Research Group (PGPIRG).

Last March UNBC's PGPIRG, the Prince George Public Interest Research Group, sponsored the Cannabis Conference, a successful event that highlighted the endless uses of the many varieties of the Cannabis sativa plant, known by names such as hemp and marijuana. This event brought together growers, researchers, interested farmers, retailers and many local folks. UNBC's Dr. Jane Young presented her work with the Gitsegukla Hemp Research Project. Speakers talked about plant medicine, human health, legal battles, government bureaucracy, job creation as well as building and cooking with hemp. Displays included creative carvings, spinners and weavers, hemp wares, hemp food, crafts, hemp paper products, hemp building materials, hemp rope, hemp seeds and more. There was an attendance of about 150 people. This year it was decided that perhaps we could do it all over again but this time incorporate more alternative topics. The Northern Alternatives Conference was born.

The Northern Alternatives Conference goes beyond the plant Cannabis sativa to the rest of the plant world and even further. This information packed two days will provide information on our food sources, water sources, recycling, non-traditional house building and home building materials, free energy sources, alternative education, alternative medicine and alternatives to day-to-day

For more information, suggestions, and comments contact:
Catherine Kendall, NAC Co-ordinator, PGPIRG at UNBC (250)960-7474 or email: pgpirg@UNBC.ca

March 30 - April 2: Canadian Health Food Association's Expo West Conference & Trade Show At the Vancouver Convention & Exhibition Centre; www.chfa.ca/events/expowest.htm

April 6-8: The First National Clinical Conference on Cannabis Therapeutics, The University of Iowa Memorial Union, Iowa City, Iowa
Jointly sponsored by the College of Nursing and The College of Medicine at the University of Iowa in co- operation with Patients out of Time, a non-profit organisation dedicated to educating health care professionals and members of the public about the therapeutic use of cannabis.
HCFR readers who are investigating the therapeutic application of high cannabinoid industrial hemp strains as nutraceuticals or who are researching potential health risks of THC may be interested in this historic conference. To increase the opportunities for individuals to participate in this conference selected remote satellite broadcast sites are being arranged.
For more information, check out www.drugsense.org/ncct . For telephone registration, contact UI Center for Conferences and Institutes at 319-335-4141 or 1-800-551-9029 (North American wide).

May 13-14: Santa Cruz Industrial Hemp Expo
The Santa Cruz Industrial Hemp Expo is gearing up for its third annual show, scheduled for May 13 and 14 at the Civic Auditorium in Santa Cruz, California. Over 75 booths are available for vendors at the 2000 show, which includes a major expansion on Church Street in front of the venue.

The Hemp Expo has opened an office at 224 Walnut Avenue, Suite C in downtown Santa Cruz. The new phone number is (831) 466-0500. The new fax line is (831) 466-0510. A sub-lease through the Hub for Sustainable Transportation, the space is ideally located a block away from the Civic Auditorium.

The Santa Cruz Industrial Hemp Expo provides a positive basis for public support of hemp reintroduction, with an open-to-the-public, trade-show based setting that is well organized and effectively promoted. Live music, a hemp fashion show, a hemp house, a hemp camp display, hemp foods and beverages, educational and historical exhibits, workshops, videos, speakers and panel discussions are featured.

Now established as the dominant trade show for the developing hemp industry, vendors and hemp reintroduction advocates are drawn from around the world to Santa Cruz.

For more information call the Hemp Expo's publicity voicemail at (831) 425-3003, or visit on the web at www.cruzexpo.com. For sponsor and vendor inquiries call (831) 466-0500.

August 5 -7: Natural Life Festival, St. George, Ontario
A Celebration of Sustainable Living. Workshops, Green Marketplace, Kids' Environmental Activities, Natural Foods, Natural Healing Demonstrations, and more. Watch this page: www.life.ca/festival for details of workshops and a vendor list for the Green Marketplace.

September 8 - 11: HIA Convention 2000, Ontario, Canada
The 7th Annual HIA Convention 2000 will again be held in Ontario. The Ecology Retreat Center, near Toronto, will be the site for the General Meeting. Contact the HIA for details: info@thehia.org , tel: 707 874 3648 fax: 707 874 1104

September 12-14: Outdoor Farm Show, Woodstock, Ontario
Canada's largest outdoor farm show will host industrial hemp for the third year in a row. A demonstration hemp field will be harvested during the event and be complemented by a Hemp Information Tent and the vendor's village. To be sponsored by OHA and HIA.
Outdoor Farm Show - 1-800 563 5441, www.outdoorfarmshow.com

September 13-16: Bioresource Hemp 2000, Wolfsburg, Germany
Call for papers in progress! Watch here in March for speaker lineup. Tri Tec GmbH, Ph: 49-234-935 79 73, Fax: 49-234-935 79 75, E-mail: register@bioresource-hemp.de , www.nova-institute.de

September 22-26: Natural Products Expo East 2000, Baltimore, Maryland
New Hope Communications- Ph: 303-939-8440 x 161 or 228, Fax:303-939-9559, www.naturalproductexpo.com.

See a great and thorough list of North American Trade Shows at www.hemppages.com

HAVING AN INDUSTRIAL HEMP EVENT?
Contact Arthur Hanks, HCFR Editor, at arthurhanks@hotmail.com with details.

Marketplace:

Feed the world with a click of the mouse. Visit the Hunger Site at www.thehungersite.com ______________________________________________________________________

Shedding light on all things cannabis: www.chrisconrad.com
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REACH A WIDE QUALIFIED AUDIENCE THROUGH ADVERTISING IN THE HCFR. Sponsorship and Supporting positions also available. Marketplace special! Have your link here for as low as $20 per issue. For more information, please email: jfreeman@ssm.net _________________________________________________________________________________

Get your website up and going already…
Online but not on the web? Need to give your non-profit group an Internet presence? Too busy to get around to setting up … still? ? Terry Lefebvre of Hemptrade is offering FREE web page hosting for industrial hemp-related sites, as well as layout, set up and administration for all sites at reasonable rates. Contact Terry at hempmaster@hemptrade.com for more info.
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Check out the comprehensive 1999 Canadian industrial hemp crop and market wrap-up prepared by  the Hemp Futures Study Group in the forthcoming issue of the Journal  the Interntional Hemp Association - (back issues online at www.HempCyberFarm).
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"Operation Ditchweed" Thanks to all HCFR readers  who sent leads where to find wild hemp.Wonderful field work by many thoughtful people  has produced some dazzling results fit for science and society, This valuable data has been passed on to the proper channels and all is cool. Let's have lots more please! This wild gene pool may be  very important for future breeding of far north adaptable varities. Each wild hemp location is different- we want them all to learn just how these diverse hemps thrive so well in such adverse conditions. If you know where authentic wild hemp grows, with all discretion please contact our civilian response team to arrange ripe seed  collection . Every patch of ditchweed is a winner- Any more news or rumours of wild hemp in Quebec, Belleville, Trenton, the Kawarthas, islands of the Grand River is welcome. And no, we don't sell wild hempseed but yes, we will pay for the real thing. For more information about the  autumn 2000 wild hempseed collection project contact Dr. Sumach, Hemp Futures Study Group, PO Box 1680, Niagara on the Lake Ontario, Canada, LOS IJO, 905 468 3928 rheading@becon.org or please leave an inquiry at the HFCR arthurhanks@hotmail.com

READER'S FEEDBACK: Keep us honest and write us. Let us know what you think about our formats, articles, coverage, tone, delivery, coverage and everything we are doing. We appreciate all letters and emails, though we can't reply to them all. Make the HCFR the reader's choice! _________________________________________________________________________________

DISTRIBUTION: The HCFR is available for free to interested parties only on the Internet. Direct subscription for this issue is 1,300+. We encourage associations working in the industry to circulate the HCFR to their members (note: we regret that we are temporarily discontinuing the *.txt mailout of the newsletter). Other non-profit use is encouraged.

THE HCFR ON THE WWW: Back issues of the HCFR are posted on the following industrial hemp websites: Natural Hemphasis, Hemptrade, Hemppages, Global Hemp and Hemp Cyberfarm and The Hemp Industries Association. Check us out at:

www.hemphasis.com/hcfr
www.hemptrade.com/hcfr
www.hemppages.com
www.globalhemp.com/hcfr/
www.hempcyberfarm.com/hcfr
www.thehia.org/news

Thanks to David Marcus, Terry Lefebvre, Mari Kane, Eric Pollit, Matthew Huijgen and Candi Penn for their dedicated work on making needed information available.

SUBSCRIPTION INFO: To subscribe directly to the HCFR, please email jfreeman@ssm.net with SUBSCRIBE in your message line. We will keep you posted about the latest news, alerts and special offers. If you no longer want to receive email about Canada’s hemp industry, please email us at the same address, message line UNSUBSCRIBE.
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NEXT ISSUE: Issue will be out March 30th: Ads will close March 24th .

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© 1999 AHEM, ARTHUR HANKS. INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES REMAIN PROPERTY OF THE AUTHOR (S). NOT TO BE DUPLICATED FOR FINANCIAL OR PERSONAL GAIN. CONTACT US ABOUT REPRODUCTION RIGHTS.

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