Hemp Pulping: 101

By Mark Bologna

Most people are aware that hemp can be used to make paper. Most people are also aware that hemp makes expensive paper. Why is this so?

Quality is the first reason why hemp paper costs more. Hemp is an excellent quality papermaking fibre, most often used in specialty applications such as currency and cigarette papers where strength is the main concern. Hemp fibres are long, strong and have good characteristics for bonding and printability.

Due to its superior quality, it demands a higher dollar value on the pulp market, about twice as much as wood pulp. This translates to expensive photocopy paper and a complete lack of items such as hemp paper bags and newsprint.

It is important to recognise how wood pulp is manufactured in order to understand how so much of it can be given away for free (i.e. coffee cups and napkins). Contemporary pulp mills operate on economies of scale where bigger is definitely better. These operations have to run seamlessly with little or no downtime for the mills to turn a profit due to their immense size and overhead expenses. If these mills do not operate at 90% capacity or more, they are losing money on each ton they sell. This fact makes the idea of conservation impossible to even consider.

Currently, there is an oversupply of pulp on the market, which drives the price down even further. Forests are liquidated cheaply and efficiently with many a government subsidy and little or no recycling efforts encouraging the collection and pulping of offcut wood. If hemp production increases, it stands to reason that the price will come down. It will likely still be more expensive than tree pulp — again due to quality and production capacity.

Transportation and storage are also key factors to the high cost of hemp pulp. Wood is by far more compact than even the most compressed hemp bale. In order to supply demands of high capacity papermills, an immense amount of hemp on hand for processing is required. Currently papermills' fibre is stored floating on rivers and/or stacked outdoors in large piles. This is not an effective method of storing hemp, as housing is needed to stop fibre deterioration. Storage costs help drive up the pulp price.

Hemp’s bulkiness makes shipping another concern. What would have taken one train car to ship now takes two, three or even four. Also our contemporary pulp mills are situated close to forests, not farmland, so the distance travelled by hemp can be expected to be farther.

The good news? These factors generally encourage decentralisation and smaller mills, closer to the source of fibre. A decentralised approach holds much promise for a better method of pulping fibre over the long term. Smaller mills are also able to adapt better to newer environmental regulations and technological upgrades and could be made more flexible to process different sources of fibre. However, over the short term, these mills need to be implemented from scratch with large capital costs. Currently, little infrastructure exists to process raw hemp fibre in Canada.

It can be expected that current wood pulp mills will not be able to convert completely and in some cases not at all to the pulping of hemp. Each mill will have to individually look at the potential that hemp offers. Although contemporary mills are theoretically able to pulp hemp, they are engineered to pulp trees and pulp them efficiently. Again transportation and storage are major concerns.

Because of the growing global fibre market, hemp and other agricultural crops will increasingly be used for pulp and paper and as their integration grows, their costs should come down. Also provided that the environment continues to be protected and forests are increasingly conserved, wood subsidies will be removed and the costs of harvesting wood should increase to properly reflect their value. The important point to remember is that hemp paper is not too expensive — trees are too cheap!

Mark Bologna is the principal of the Greenman Nonwood Papermill (http://www.nonwoodpaper.com) — a distributor of machine milled non-wood paper products, and a handmade paper artisan. He is a member of the Technical Association of the Pulp & Paper Industry (TAPPI).

Small Wonders
A dummy's guide to Cannabinoid variation in fluctuating genetic potentials of site specific phenotypes of Cannabis

Compiled and edited by Dr. Alexander Sumach

Ernie Small grew a lot of cannabis under the sponsorship of the Health Minister and the Dept of Agriculture in the 1970's. This was shortly after Israeli scientists had made an initial positive identification and isolation of THC as the primary psychoactive agent of cannabis. At that time, cannabis, a single species with many different varieties and the source of many different preparations, was suddenly arriving on the illicit market. Science knew very little about cannabis dynamics.

Dr Small’s practical contribution to our present day understanding of cannabis and hemp is considerable, and his recommendations are carefully considered by policy makers in government. His detailed studies of many different varieties of cannabis, grown under government license from seed obtained from proper diplomatic sources, suggests great variation in the ability of diverse cannabis to develop THC.

Just how the biomechanics of this worked became the focus of Dr Small's long research into the secrets at the heart of cannabis — our oldest and at one time most important textile crop in Canada.

Cannabis research in pre LeDain Commission Canada had not advanced for thirty years when Small began his research. He is the originator of the 0.3% threshold point for THC, generally accepted worldwide as the legal ceiling that distinguishes hemp and psychoactive/medicinal varieties of Cannabis sativa. He is perhaps the most informed government cannabis researcher accessible to both the hemp industry and the Canadian Government

Addressing a group of Six Nations farmers in the winter of 1998, Dr Small answered thoughtful questions about the nature and character of the cannabis plant and provided many useful insights about the hemp plant, hemp seed, hemp seed oil and the controlled substance THC.

The following is a condensed and edited-for-brevity version of ideas and information presented at the Sixth Nations conference and should be considered as an introductory guide only, and not a statement of official policy nor an interpretation of law.

• The ability of Cannabis to develop THC is fixed in the genetics of the plant; environmental factors have little effect on THC potential...
• Oilseed varieties tend to develop THC levels somewhat higher than fibre varieties but not anywhere near levels that could be considered a drug...
• THC is not a narcotic, a sleep-producing agent. It is more accurately a psychotomimetic — an euphoric...
• Drugs and THC are largely a semantic game. Basic terminology is frequently misused; Cannabis is the species — hemp vrs. marijuana, sativa vrs. indica are vague descriptors at best...
• THC forms in the oil glands on the underside of leaves and flowers. More resin forms on the female plants than the on the males, and much more resin forms on plants growing in tropical climates than in Canada...
• Cannabis varieties acclimatised to and originating from areas of the globe north of 30° latitude [ hemp / sativa less than 0.3% THC ] develop lower THC levels than plants from south of 30 ° [pot / indica / higher than 0.3% THC ]
• THC levels in cannabis read a little higher in the afternoon than in the morning.
• Cannabis is very sensitive to day length; it is a short day annual plant, flowering is triggered by progressively diminishing hours of daylight as autumn approaches...
• Populations of cannabis will adapt to the time they have to flower and set seed. Cannabis exhibits great genetic plasticity in this ability to adapt to so many different conditions. Cannabis from Siberia is short and quick to flower and is very hardy.
• Wild hemp gone feral from colonial era cultivation still exists in a few remote areas of Eastern Canada.
• The genetic potential of wild Canadian hemp may be very useful in future breeding of far north hardy cultivars.
• The quick flowering response is the most important factor to introduce into an improved northern strain. Most interesting is the testing of wild hemp varieties for GLA levels (*Note: Inducing improved features would use natural selection to best advantage, invasive genetic manipulation would not be necessary to achieve results).
• Distribution of cannabis worldwide has caused varieties to flower precisely at site-specific times...
• In the north, cannabis flowers early. The farther north the quicker the onset of flowering. Southern grown cannabis resists flowering until later in the growing season...
• Northern cannabis tends to exhibit hemp features while southern grown cannabis tends to develop more THC (Note: to the point that cannabis may be considered to have effectively morphed into marijuana....)
• Successive generations of high THC cannabis originating from a more southern latitude tends to drift towards hemp features exhibiting less THC when grown in more northern locations...
• Hemp seed produces a drying oil. It contains a high level of GLA, an important dietary food present in human breast milk...
• About 15% of humanity cannot manufacture sufficient levels of GLA within their bodies and must obtain it from some outside food source...
• People in the former USSR and China have eaten hemp seed and oil for millennia but in modern times much prefer other edible oils. They regard hemp seed as a much less desirable source of edible vegetable oil when hemp is compared with some other edible vegetable oils (Note: Objections about alleged drug contamination in traditional hemp seed is not a factor in this cultural decision, this was apparently a strictly culinary choice.)
• Hemp for biomass will require enormous labour, transport and infrastructure investments. Petroleum will likely still be burnt for the remainder of our lifetime. Conversion of hemp biomass into fuel alcohol or biogas is impractical in the Canadian climate
• The Canadian Government catalogues over 100,000 specimens of agricultural cultivars and keeps them on file in germ banks; most of these are cereals. There is no cannabis germplasm on file in official Canadian collections at present.

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Hemp Shorts

A) Echo Oils Opens Organic Oil Processing Facility

Echo Oils is opening a small-scale oil processing facility in Christina Lake, BC. The facility houses an innovative portable oil press, pasta maker, ice cream machines and de-hulling equipment

Echo Oils' principal aim is to produce the highest quality organic oil seed products in BC. While the company intends to focus development on hemp and sunflower products, their facility will provide space to press a variety of oil seeds for the wider organic market. Echo Oils is exploring ways to work with existing businesses and distribution networks, allowing the company to focus on processing and product development.

The oil press represents the key to quality for the company’s products. Developed by Lee Environmental Technologies, the oil press offers: flexibility for processing virtually any oil seed, ease of operation and maintenance, improved oil extraction, low pressing temperature and an air-free pressing environment. The portability of the oil press represents a number of opportunities for the company to explore farm gate processing, as well as to work with other manufacturers to produce fresh, high quality oils and oil seed products.

The press is housed in a unique straw bale structure using load baring construction techniques developed by FibreHouse. Echo Oils say they chose this method out of a need to create a space quickly and a desire to use sustainable building techniques.

An open house will be held on October 27th; Tim Lee will be on hand at the event to answer questions about his technology and to provide a demonstration of its capabilities. In addition to samples of various oils and oil products, Echo Oils will be offering creations from their neighbour, Ron’s Kootenay Kitchen.

For more information contact Echo Oils at iam@sunshinecable.com

B) Rella/Hempnut Announces Two Management Appointments and Big Marketing Push

John Goodman has joined the management team of Rella Good Cheese Company and HempNut, Inc. as Vice President of Sales and Marketing, on October 1. Goodman has previously held sales/marketing positions at Spectrum Naturals, Arrowhead Mills, United Natural Foods Inc., Mercantile Food Company, and Red River Foods,

"We're delighted and honoured that John chose to work with us," says Richard Rose, Founder and President of Rella and Hempnut. "His 25 years of experience, proven track record, and high integrity are a great fit with our company and lines of innovative products."

HempNut Inc. has also announced the appointment of Petra Sperling-Nordqvist as Executive Assistant, to work directly with Rose. Sperling-Nordqvist previously was Editor for HempWorld magazine, and a reporter for the Sonoma West Times and News.

With these appointments, HempNut Inc. is moving forward with its aggressive marketing campaign, and has placed half and full page colour ads in a mix of leading health, industry and socially aware media. Promoting HempNut as "The Soybean of the Millennium" and "Y2K Ready", the California company expects its message to be seen by 20 million natural products customers. Complementing advertising expenditures — for the largest advertising campaign for a product to date — of $150,000 for 1999 is a proactive company-run public relations campaign that has netted editorial coverage, including a six-minute appearance by chef Rose on the CBS-TV's "The Roseanne Show".

For more info on HempNut Inc. goto http://www.TheHempNut.com

Source: Rella/Hempnut

C) Fighting Words

"(Rod) Flaman also wants farmers to seriously diversify whether it's raising elk for the velvet in their horns, or growing ginseng or hemp. 'Why are we producing all of this wheat for export? It's not helping producers. The starving people of the world aren't benefiting, because they can't afford to buy our grain.'"

"Hemp is a perfect Canadian crop, Flaman says, though he himself isn't growing it. He wants Canada to cut down importing cotton, rayon and nylon and grow hemp for a made-in-Canada solution. 'Let's start producing something that we can consume here in Canada. Overnight we could displace 50 per cent of our wheat exports. And it would create jobs. The hell with exporting. We're just feeding the transportation system.' "

Excerpt from a Martin O Malley Column, CBC News Online, on a growing grassroots municipal tax revolt among Saskatchewan farmers. Flamen is with a group of Canadian farmers called "Farmers for Justice" who are fighting for the right to sell their crop independently of the Canadian Wheat Board. For the full text of this story, goto: http://www.cbcnews.cbc.ca/viewpoint/omalley/martin990909.html

D) California State Assembly Endorses Industrial Hemp

On October 15th, the California State Assembly endorsed the legalisation of industrial hemp. The resolution passed on the last day of this year's session.

The resolution declares that industrial hemp can be grown by California farmers and regulated without interfering with marijuana laws. It recommends that the Assembly consider allowing farmers to grow industrial hemp and that the crop be studied by the state university system.

Sam Clauder, Political Director of CAIR — an organisation dedicated to renewing the legal status of hemp — says, "Next year the resolution will move on to the State Senate while working with the Congressional delegations of this and several other states to get the DEA to shift authority to regulate Industrial Hemp to the USDA. Farmers would then be permitted to grow Industrial Hemp under the condition that they comply with local and states' laws and regulations."

For more information, contact: Sam Clauder at Sam@att.net or check out http://www.CAIR.net

E) The HCFR and Hemp Hazards

A short note. The HCFR is participating in an ad hoc committee on hemp hazards. While some interesting points of discussion have been raised to date regarding the findings and methodologies of the research team of Orr and Starodub (please see last issue), nothing is ready for publication at this early date. We hope to offer some good analysis in our next issue.

Good resources that all readers and reviewers of this report should take advantage of include the most recent contribution to the literature on cannabis science, Marijuana Myths and Marijuana Facts, 1998, by L. Zimmer, Ph.D. and J.P. Morgan, M.D., ISBN-0-9641568-4-9. Another source for a more complete bibliography on THC than is featured in the report (which purported to be a complete literature review on the subject) is available from the University of Mississippi (Old Miss) on CD-ROM.

The HCFR additionally invites other concerned researchers and industry professionals to correspond with us on this critical issue. Please email arthurhanks@hotmail.com with your thoughts and findings, or to get your own copy.

BioHemp Ltd.:

North America's largest wholesaler of certified organic hempseed oil products: Drums, pails, bottle, capsules
Please call Jason Freeman, President, at 604 255 7979,
or email: jfreeman@biohemp.com

HIA Report
By the HCFR staff

Stunning fall weather marked by crisp red maple leaves called over 100 HIA members and guests to the Ecology Retreat Centre in Hockley Valley Ontario, on September 23-26^th. This four day retreat, meet and greet was well attended by Canadians, approx. 40 attendees.

Lots of highlights. A full day session of workshops and presentations Friday including a Cross-Canada Update with Don Hunter (Nova Scotia), Jerzy Prytyk (Quebec), David Marcus (Ontario) and Shawn Crew (Manitoba), Food and Fibre panels, Marketing and Retail, and Legal panel discussions

Evening speakers included Dr. David West of the "Hawaii Research Project," Geof Kime of Hempline, historian/hempologists Roddy Heading and John E. Dvorak, and author Wayne Roberts (Get a Life!).

Saturday saw an open-to-the-public Hemp Field day at the Al and Shirley Meeks farm. Speakers of note included AAFC's Ernie Small, OMAFRA's Bill Baxter, Hempola's Greg Herriot, and Kenex's Jean Laprise.

Underlying all the activity was a sense of urgency as regulatory issues on both sides of the border were topics high on the agenda. The dual impact of Kenex's current border difficulties and Health Canada's Hemp Risk Assessment compelled early morning and late night analysis and strategizing on legal issues.

"We like to think HIA is the most courageous of the hemp industry associations, " says Ken Friedman, board member and attorney-at-law. "We want to stay active and stay visible. Each attack on the industry is an opportunity to do public relations…and we turn it around."

Conversations also turned to the industry's need to build up Good Manufacturing Practises, inspections and standards. "These restrictions are in place to give the industry authority, "advised Mel Green, a Toronto lawyer in attendance. "These (internal) regulations say 'Trust Us'."

The HCFR would like to extend thanks to Larry Duprey (The Hemp Club/Chanvre en Ville), Ruth Shamai (The Natural Order/R&D Hemp, David Marcus (Natural Hemphasis), Paul Chang (Alme Inc.) and Candi Penn (HIA secretariat) for organising this exceptional event — and to the staff at The Ecology Retreat Centre who worked hard keeping all attendees well-stoked in hemp foods of all kinds.

HIA is an interesting organisation as it is home to companies working on all levels of the industry, with a commensurate mix of experience and beliefs. To quote John Ralston Saul rather loosely, tolerance and the willingness to disagree are Canadian conditions that on the surface reflect weakness, but are actually hidden strengths. These supple traits are evident as well in the American-based HIA; they serve the Association well. Next year, HIA is meeting in Hawaii, but it likely won't be long before the organisation is back in Canada.

Hemp for Health!
CHFA Trade Show Report

By Ryan Crawford

This year's instalment of the Canadian Health Food Association's (CHFA) Expo East, was held at the Metro Toronto Convention Centre on October 14^th-17th. Canadian hemp companies present offered variety, selection and a unique "nutty" flavour to thousands of nutritionally aware and health conscious consumers, retailers, wholesalers and distributors. This event was the keystone of National Health Food Store week, marking CHFA's 35-year anniversary

The hemp contingent at Expo East ranged from distributors, manufacturers, producers and sales organisations. All did a great job in promoting a promisingly high percentage of organically grown Canadian hemp based products. The inclusion of wheat and gluten free, vegetable-based sources of protein and EFA's in the show, stimulated minds, bodies and stomachs and served as a welcome addition among a field of 350 exhibitors

Among those companies present offering to educate and supply Canadian health food stores were Earth Scents Soap Co./Earthemp, showcasing their line of hemp soaps, hand and body lotions, skin care products and cold pressed nutritional hemp seed oil; Cloud Mountain Inc; Bastex Inc., designers of organic cotton and hemp socks; Hempola; Kenex; Hempy's and Alkaso International Inc., a recently formed company whose product line, imported from Germany, includes hemp teas, hemp flour, hemp pasta and skin care products.

CHFA Expo East also saw the launch of Ruth's Hemp Foods from The Natural Order (see Top of The Crop). Nature's Path, known as The Organic Cereal People, is now offering Hemp Plus, an organic hemp granola cereal. Omega Nutrition had their Hemp Flour and Certified Organic Hemp Seed and Hemp/Flax seed oils on display, while Corwin Distribution offered up White Buffalo Hemp Seed "smart" snack bars to eager retail buyers. Hats off to all the individuals and companies promoting organic and Canadian hemp health food products.

The conference concluded with Dr. David Suzuki speaking out about the dangers of bioengineering to an audience of 500 concerned individuals. A trained biologist, Dr. Suzuki provided a context for debate on Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO's), in alluding to the negative effects that DDT and CFC's have had on the planet, while reminding us to err on the side of caution when implementing new technologies. Suzuki likened GMO's to a "gigantic experiment" and referred to biotechnology as a "pyramid scheme based on speculation, promise and hype". The sponsors of Suzuki's address were The Big Carrot, Nature's Path, Naturally Nova Scotia and Alive Magazine.

The Hemp Industries Association
Phone: 707-874-3648
email: info@thehia.org
http://www.thehia.org

Upcoming Events

Chilliwack, BC: October 29-30th:The British Columbia Industrial Hemp Growers Association AGM

The first Annual General Meeting of the BCIHGA (BC Industrial Hemp Growers Assn.) will be held at the Rainbow Country Inn, Chilliwack, on October 29-30th. Friday (October 29th) will be an evening social event for people to get acquainted. The actual meeting will begin on Saturday at 8:30 AM. Conference fee is $40.00 for members and $60.00 for non-members. Membership in the association for voting members costs $60.00 per year/associate memberships cost $45 per year. Note that only current members will be able to vote at the General meeting (you will be allowed to become a member at the meeting.)

Display tables will be available at a fee of $30 for members and $60 for non-members for industry or associations to display products and information. Vendors are to supply own backdrops as no tacking on hotel walls is allowed. To book a table, call Cherie Cursinoff at 250-442-2346.

For room reservations at the Rainbow County Inn, please call 604-795-3828.

The BCIHGA is BC's first government approved and sponsored non-profit hemp organisation and has received seed funding by BC Ministries of Agriculture and Food, Advanced Education, Training and Technology and HRDC Canada to draft by-laws and a constitution that will be ratified at this first AGM.

For more information about the meeting and the BCIHGA, contact Lee Wells, BCIHGA, PO Box 1031, Grand Forks, BC, V0H 1H0, phone: (250) 442-0333 or fax (250) 442-2875, or Al Oliver, BC Ministry of Agriculture and Food at (250) 371-6050 or email: al.oliver@gems3.gov.bc.ca.

Rolling Meadows, Illinois: November 4–6^th: NAIHC Annual Conference

The 1999 annual meeting and international conference of the North American Industrial Hemp Council (NAIHC) will be held at the Holiday Inn, Rolling Meadows Illinois (near Chicago). This show is an opportunity to learn more about annual industrial fibre crops and to interact with agricultural and industrial experts. Attendees will exchange ideas, discuss opportunities, and explore the economic potential of industrial hemp for farmers and industry. The conference will allow farmers, researchers, industry, environmentalists, and public policy makers to form educational networks in order to advance industrial hemp as a renewable agricultural fibre and seed crop.

The agenda for the conference includes:

* reinstating industrial hemp in the US
* growing, processing and marketing fibre for textiles and industrial uses
* markets and industrial applications
* harvesting technology and equipment
* the role of hemp in agriculture
* the role of organics in production and marketing
* farm production
* getting the hemp plant to the factory
* hemp pulping
* industrial composites
* American, European and Canadian updates
* agriculture diversification for profit
* industrial hemp seed oil, foods and beverages

Canadian speakers include Geof Kime, Jean M. Laprise, Dr. Ralph Hardy, Gordon Scheifele, Evelyn David, and Ruth Shamai.

A trade show will complement the conference; space is limited. A membership business meeting will precede the conference on Thursday, November 4th from 3:30-5 p.m. Early Registration cut-off date is October 19^th.

Check here for updates and the full speaker line-up: http://www.naihc.org or contact NAIHC – Theresa, PO Box 259329, Madison, Wisconsin 53725-9329. Email: conference@naihc.org, Ph: 608-224-5137, Fax: 608-224-5111.

Alexandria, Minnesota: November 20, l999: Hemp & Sustainable Farming Expo, Arrowwood Resort, Alexandria, MN
Speaker: Bud Sholts, Chairman of North American Industrial Hemp Council.
For info contact Marlene at dmweb@rea-alp.com

Montreal: January 28-February 4^th: Canadian Pulp and Paper Association Exfor 2000 and Technical Section,

Palais des Congrès de Montreal. Annual meeting convention with exhibition. More info soon.

JUST ANNOUNCED
Winnipeg, Manitoba, March 1-2: HEMP 2000 Speaker Series & Trade Show

The Manitoba Industrial Hemp Association announces "H2K" at the Ramada Marlborough Hotel, March 1^st and 2^nd in Winnipeg, Manitoba. The Hemp 2000 Speaker Series and Trade Show will deliver factual information about producing, harvesting, processing & marketing industrial hemp in order to strengthen industry potential and growth.

The Speaker Series will pull together an exceptional line-up of industry leaders who will bring their knowledge and experience to inform attendees, opening doors to Industrial Hemp in the new millennium. The show will also feature, panel discussions, an industry-oriented trade show, products and demonstrations, Canadian hemp updates a hemp fashion show and more. The two-day event will kick off with a meet and mingle reception on March 1st.

Hemp 2000 will be a "must see" for all those interested in farm production, food processing, fibre processing, value-added production, nutraceuticals, promoting this new crop, learning more about key government programs and hemp business opportunities. Exhibitors will be able to display, promote and sell related hemp products to a market of interested farmers, financiers, wholesale buyers, and curious consumers.

Call for Papers: The MIHA invites interested parties involved with the production, processing, utilisation, research or marketing of hemp to submit a 250 word outline describing what they would like to present at the show. Please send your expression of interest to Attention: Selection Committee, MIHA Hemp 2000, BOX 511, Manitou, Manitoba, R0G 1G0.

Event co-ordination by Blue Sky Business Services. For more information on Hemp 2000, please contact MIHA office at Phone: (204) 242-3090, Fax: (204) 242-3281 or email hemp@cici.mb.ca. More updates soon at MIHA website: http://www.pembinavalley.com/miha

READER'S FEEDBACK: Keep us honest and write us. Let us know what you think about our formats, articles, coverage, tone, delivery, coverage and everything we are doing. We appreciate all letters, though we can't reply to them all. Make the HCFR the reader's choice!

SPECIAL OFFER —THIS ISSUE ONLY: Readers who send us their comments, and enclose their full name, mailing address and phone numbers will be eligible to receive a copy of Hemp Pages: The Hemp Industry Sourcebook 1999-2000 edition. Limited copies available — best letters will win. Contact arthurhanks@hotmail.com or jfreeman@ssm.net
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DISTRIBUTION:

The HCFR is available for free to interested parties only on the Internet. Direct subscription for this issue is 1,000+. We encourage associations working in the industry to circulate the HCFR to their members (*.txt versions are available to all interested parties, please contact us, if this is what you want). Other non-profit use is encouraged.

THE HCFR ON THE WWW:

Back issues of the HCFR are posted on three leading industrial hemp websites: Natural Hemphasis, Hemptrade and Hempages.com. Check us out at:

http://www.hemphasis.com/hcfr
http://www.hemptrade.com/hcfr or
http://www.hemppages.com

Thanks to David Marcus, Terry Lefebvre and Mari Kane for their continuing good work on making needed information available.

SUBSCRIPTION INFO:

To subscribe directly to the HCFR, please email jfreeman@ssm.net with SUBSCRIBE in your message line. We will keep you posted about the latest news, alerts and special offers. If you no longer want to receive email about Canada’s hemp industry, please email us at the same address, message line UNSUBSCRIBE.
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NEXT ISSUE: 4^TH WEEK OF NOVEMBER 1999

© 1999 AHEM, ARTHUR HANKS. INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES REMAIN PROPERTY OF THE AUTHOR (S). NOT TO BE DUPLICATED FOR FINANCIAL OR PERSONAL GAIN. CONTACT US ABOUT REPRODUCTION RIGHTS.